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The Sino Japanese Relationship Made Less Complicated.

Posted in Recommended Reading

For years, Jottings from the Granite Studio has been one of my favorite blogs. It is written by Jeremiah Jenne, “a PhD candidate at a large public university in Northern California” who is “currently in Beijing teaching history, doing archival research, and working on his dissertation.” If you have an interest in Chinese history (and you should), you have to be reading Granite Studio.

I have always bemoaned the fact that the voices of Chinese bloggers are almost exclusively non-Chinese. There are and were a few blogs written by Chinese-Americans, but it seems like the best of those (i.e. China Esquire and CN Review have pretty much gone dormant) and those that remain do little more than act as cheerleaders for whatever China does.

I have seen a few English language blogs written by Chinese nationals in China, but most of those are badly written to the point of distraction; if the writing is so bad that I notice, I have trouble enjoying the blog.

There has been one exception out there, Inside-out China. That blog is beautifully written by Xujun Eberlein, who grew up in Chongqing, but then moved to the United States, got a PhD.d from MIT, worked in high tech for a while, and then became a writer. Yes, a real live novel writing writer, and trust me, she can write. Her posts on China are must-reads not only because they are excellent, but because they are those of a Chinese voice writing in English.

Anyway, about a month ago, Jeremieh took a brief blog hiatus (I love using words like that) and gave his “lovely wife and co-conspirator Yajun” a guest posting slot (can you say Wally Pipp?). Her first post, entitled, “Diversity When? A Guest Post by Yajun,” was so well written and insightful, I immediately wrote Jeremieh requesting he pass on my compliments. Yajun is a Chinese national living in China.

Yajun just wrote yet another excellent post, this one entitled, “The Sino-Japanese Relationship: (apologies to Facebook) It’s Complicated.” It’s a must read.

I think it important that those who do business with China (and those who don’t) understand where China is “coming from” and that includes where China is “coming from” on such issues as Japan. I have received criticisms for even writing about this topic (see my earlier post, “China’s Reaction to Japan’s Earthquake“), as though my not writing about it will somehow make it all go away.

I do not purport to know how the “average” Chinese person feels about Japan or how the “average” Japanese person feels about China, but I have many times been struck by the almost blind hatred the two countries have for each other. Totally rational, urbane, sophisticated, and worldly Chinese lawyers have said horrible things about Japan and vice-versa, that I see as completely out of character for them.

It doesn’t take me to note that there are obviously very deep-seated hatreds between those two countries that cannot simply be swept under the rug. This will be the second (and last) time I raise this issue, but I do want to highlight the really good writing on this from a Chinese perspective (note how I say “a” and not “the”). Go read Yajun’s post and while you are at it, you should also check out Jeremiah’s more historical post on the same issue, entitled, “Envy and Antipathy: Chinese historical attitudes toward Japan.

What do you think?

UPDATE: Colin Spears, over at the World Affairs Blog Network, just did a really good post on “Chinese Responses to the 2011 Japanese Sendai (Tohoku) Earthquake.

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  • Richard

    Just for the record, there are at least two Chinese contributors to the China Power blog at the Diplomat: http://the-diplomat.com/china-power/

  • Fanch

    Yes ! The Granite Studio is a great place for reading pertinent comments about Chinese history. Another great “not to be missed” blog about history is Frog in a well :
    http://www.froginawell.net/china/
    this one is clearly missing in your list of blogs about China.
    (there is a Frog in a Well blog about Korea and another one about Japan as well).

  • Joseph

    Good post but:
    “I have received criticisms for even writing about this topic (see my earlier post, “China’s Reaction to Japan’s Earthquake”)as though my not writing about it will somehow make it all go away.”
    Don’t be silly, Dan. You and your audience are more educated and more clever than that. You have received criticism for quoting a biaised article on the subject with a short intro that did not help put some perspective on this complex matter.
    The history of China-Japan relations during and after WW2 can only be understood by Westerners if compared to that of those Western Allies vs. Germany. Anyone from Western Europe knows the constant apologies, the prevalence of WW2 in history books, the deep consequences it has had on the modern Western worlds (all the way to Palestine…). To this day, Germany is still apologizing, several times a year, for its crimes (mostly towards the Jews btw, Russians have long been forgotten by the West…. so let’s not even imagine they understand what happened in the Far East). There are still lawsuits and massive lobbying actions related to WW2 (recently against the French Railway company, whose workers were once famed for their heroic resistance, now accused of collaborating with the Nazis and asked to pay) etc. Any movie covering the “Shoah” is ensured to receive media coverage, likely to become a box office success and to receive a prize. The list is almost endless. There are countries (including mine) where I could be prosecuted for writing this, as I may seem to diminish the crimes committed against the Jews (I certainly don’t, if I did, I would be fined and possibly jailed).
    Now compare this to what you see in China!
    You may also want to look up WW2 death toll on Wikipedia.

  • greg

    “but I do want to highlight the really good writing on this issue from a Chinese perspective (note how I say “a” and not “the”).”
    Dan – Thanks for emphasizing that you say “a” and not “the.” This is very important. I agree with you that Yajun’s writing is good but only in the sense her English writing is good for a Chinese, but her view is far from representative of ordinary Chinese, or even educated Chinese. Her target readers are western ones, and her view generally fits the western stereotype of Chinese government brainwashing Chinese into blind hating of Japan or Japanese for the sake of diverting the Chinese population’s attention from their abuse or trying to hold their power, etc.
    Needless to say, this is a very simplistic view. Sino-Japanese relationship is very complicated and has many layers. But let me just say this: If CCP goes too far in shaping the public opinion and whitewashing Japan’s atrocities or more recent activities and policies as related to China, I’m not sure how long they can hold their power in China. Several generations of Chinese leaders, from Zhou Enlai to Hu Yaobang have tried to shape a more positive contemporary view of Japan or Japanese by separating the historical Japanese atrocities and crimes from the “majority” of the Japanese people. Their efforts, unfortunately, have been to no avail due to Japan’s ambivalence, denial and mislead and beautification in facing up their historical crimes.

  • greg

    Joseph,
    Thanks for your great comments. You analogy to Germany and Europe is probably the best way to explain to many westerners how a Chinese feels about Japan.
    For most westerners, Sino-Chinese histories are some remote historical facts. Most people either don’t know enough about the history, or don’t follow the more contemporary developments in the relationship. To many, Japan is a democracy (vs. the commie China) and/or an ally (against the “expansionist” China). Whatever hatred against Japan Americans may feel about WWII or Pearl Harbor, it has been significantly alleviated by the two A-bombs, the complete victory and the long occupation. If there is still lingering bitterness for some Americans, I can assure them that that’s almost insignificant compared to what Japan has done to China over the last hundred years.
    It’s more than just WWII: Japan had done most harm to China among the imperialist countries of the nineteenth century (I don’t need to repeat that long, painful history). And keep in mind, Japan borrowed much of its culture from China before the modern times: kanji is really Chinese character or hanzi; Go is a Chinese chess not a Japanese invention; Kyoto was modeled after Tang dynasty’s capital Chang’an, etc. China has never invaded Japan.
    Before we accuse the Chinese of being narrow-minded, Japan has not done a good job to help Chinese forget the history, to put it mildly.
    The repeated denial of the atrocities, the whitewashing of the crimes, the territory disputes, the military threat (as an ally of the US in “containing” China), the list goes on.One has to be in the shoes of Chinese to understand how Chinese feels about Japan. The Chinese resentment, if that’s the right word, is rooted both in history and in today’s ground reality.
    Will Chinese ever put that feeling behind? Well, the Chinese will never forget that piece of history, being the only people who has written its historical books continually for the last two thousand years, but I suspect the Chinese will eventually move on as China gradually restores its historical status in Asia, just like the majority of the Americans had moved on from the hatred due to Pearl Harbor even though books and movies are still being written and produced on that part of the history.
    China needs longer time, but it will move on eventually regardless what Japanese will say or do in the future. It will.

  • http://granitestudio.org Jeremiah

    I thank Greg for his comments, I might gently suggest however that he may have missed the point of the post. Yajun is not denying that there is resentment or anger, much of it justified, but instead is arguing that there are a wide range of attitudes toward the Japanese in China, a diversity of opinion often overlooked by Western media reports who would take the rantings of online netizens as evidence that all Chinese are gloating about the tragedy in Japan.
    (For those interested in the history alluded to by Greg above, feel free to see the companion piece ‘Envy and Antipathy’ linked to by Dan in the post, or — shameless plug — one of my early columns for the Global Times, on a history class trip to Nanjing. http://en.huanqiu.com/opinion/foreign-view/2009-12/492369.html)
    When Yajun discusses people being narrow-minded she is explaining why there are still those who would, in the their anger, wish to lash out at innocent victims of the Japan Earthquake.
    Remembering history is good, and certainly the Japanese government has fallen short in this regard on many occasions, but neither history nor the actions of contemporary politicians justify the celebration of innocent people suffering from a natural disaster.
    Yajun was inspired to write the piece to correct Western impressions that all Chinese were simple-minded nationalists crying for the blood of Japan. Certainly we have seen some of that, but as anybody who lives here can attest, that is far from the whole story.
    Is there resentment? Absolutely. Both about past wrongs and present-day policies, and Greg’s comment did a good job outlining what those were, but one of the more positive developments this past week has been the way many Chinese have looked past history and felt empathy for the sufferings of a former enemy. I take that at as a positive step forward in China’s social and political development, and I know that Yajun does too.

  • Joseph

    To add to my post above, I would like to add:
    - In China, anyone can deny the Nanjing massacres took place or saying they are gross exaggerations. Many foreigners do so. You can also find discussions on forums on this subject, with people arguing that the Japanase brought welcome discipline to this country.
    - In Europe, it is forbidden by law to deny the massacre of the Jews happened or to say it was exaggerated. Several people are in jail in various European countries for having done so. In fact, Any internet forum on this topic will be immediately deleted (by law, the website ower and even the ISP could be prosecuted and fine!).
    Freedom of opinion, anyone?

  • greg

    Jeremiah ,
    Thanks for your comments. I couldn’t say I really disagree with what you said. As for Yajun’s post, you might be right that she was trying to make the point that there is a diversity of opinions in China w/r to Japan, despite the constant government propaganda and brainwashing.
    I don’t have a problem with the diversity of opinion part, but really was trying to focus on the government brainwashing part as well as explaining why Chinese feel the way they feel. So my comments were not so much anti-Yajun as to making some general comments on the issue.
    Joseph,
    A few other notes:
    - I was surprised to learn last year that Germany had finally paid off the war compensation for WWI – yes, World War One. Has Germany been paying for WWI all these years?!
    - One of the biggest complaints of Japanese against Chinese government has been that the Chinese government does not say a lot to the Chinese public that Japan had been the biggest sources of foreign government aids and loans, in the form of ODA. ODA is a very low interest rate government loan. Over the last 30 years or so, China has got about total $30 billion in ODA. There has been very little or no ODA loans since 2008 Olympics. Japanese government is correct that Chinese government doesn’t go out very publicly to tout the ODA loans. The reasons have been that there has been a tacit understanding that these ODA loans were in some way replacing the war compensation which China forsook in the ’70s, therefore it would have been very inappropriate and awkward for the Chinese government to go very public about these loans.
    - There had been a Sino-Japanese honey moon period from late ’70s to mid ’80s when both governments were on a very friendly term and there was this warm-and-fuzzy feeling between Japanese and Chinese people. Japanese music and movies were very popular in China. There were all these talks about Sino-Japanese friendship over the thousand years by Chinese government propaganda; there were monument erected in one of the parks in Xi’an (Capital city of Tang dynasty) in memory of a certain Japanese monk visiting China at the time. Communist Party Secretary Hu Yaobang very publicly invited 3,000 Japanese youth to attend the ceremony of celebrating the 35th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic (which backfired on him later) … The honey moon ended when the conservative Japanese prime minister Nakasone Yasuhiro took office and took a series of actions torevise and whitewash Japan’s war time history.
    Ironically, one of the 3,000 Japanese youth Hu Yaobang invited to China in 1984 as a friendship gesture included Mr. Seiji Maehara, the Japanese foreign minister until he resigned recently due to political donation; he has been the get-tough-on-China guy in Japanese cabinet.

  • Thomas R

    Great post. I “discovered” the Granite Studio last year, and was also impressed with the insight and depth of Yajun’s posts. I recommend the blog to all of my friends who are studying/interested in China.

  • huolj

    It should be noted that the vast majority of common Japanese AND the Japanese government do not deny atrocities, although obviously in China the nationalist minority gets the most attention. Also note that virtually every school in Japan DO teach about war crimes, Nanking, and so on. The rare revisionist publication has never seen mainstream usage in Japanese education. The publication that caused so much controversy in 2005 was never used by more than 20 schools, and was promptly abandoned completely soonafter. Finally, Japan did offer reparation money on two accounts, only to be rejected by Mao, then again later by Deng. And to be honest, the notion that Japan is part of some determined alliance to “contain” China is a view more common in China than Japan. The Japanese seem to feel apprehensive over their alliance with the US, most accept it only out of vague “necessity”.

  • Peter

    Before we accuse the Chinese of being narrow-minded, Japan has not done a good job to help Chinese forget the history, to put it mildly.
    ====
    Peter